The Mid-Atlantic Slave Trade Essay - 993 Words

How does one start and ongoing tradition of racism in this world? For many years, foolish citizens around the world thought that the provocation of a different skin-colored race was encouraged and was accepted by society. Numerous people just saw Africa as the land where labour and goods were abundant, and dark-colored people were created for nothing but slave work. There was a fine line between humane and inhumane when it came to handling African people. The trafficking of slaves was such an extensive business during the 17th and 18th century. Not only was there the importing and exporting of slaves, but there was also other materials traded during the time. Goods such as cotton, tobacco, coffee, chocolate and so on were traded along†¦show more content†¦What was the cause of all this? Business men back in the day were looking for cheap labour for the worthless jobs that nobody wanted to do. But what exactly was the Mid Atlantic Slave Trade? It was the buying and selling of faultless people from all around the globe. Slave trade started off with the bartering Native Americans and indigenous people. The downside to the trading of Native Americans was that the labour did not come cheap. Also, their knowledge of the land would give them an upper hand when it came down to escaping from their owners. Indigenous people lacked the immunity of diseases when they were brought to the different countries. Diseases such as mumps and small pox would kill them even before arriving to their destination. But then during the 15th century, the Portuguese started to explore their way to Africa because they were trying to avoid the Muslim North Africans. They had ownership of the Sub-Saharan trade of gold and spices to foreign countries. That’s when the Portuguese circumnavigated and ended up in Africa. This turned out to be a successful mission because the Portuguese realized that they could easily make money by the buying and selling of Africans. They were immun e to foreign diseases an they would work for almost no money at all. That’s when they started to export slaves to Europe to work. This all blew up to a larger scale in the 17th century when people realized more people were needed when more sizable agriculturalShow MoreRelatedNew England Colonies Similarities And Differences943 Words   |  4 Pageswould ensure the fall of another. This caused the colonists to adapt different ways of life depending on where they lived in America, due to the variance in land types.. The original colonies were divided into three main regions, the North, the Mid-Atlantic, and the South. Though split by their regions, they all shared some similarities. Firstly, they all had a Christian majority. This caused all the colonists to hold similar ideals, though the way they enacted these ideals was different based onRead MoreThe Mid Atlantic And Southern Regions874 Words   |  4 PagesThe mid-Atlantic and Southern regions during the 17th century, played a big role in creating and structuring America’s politics, economy and social life. Through trial and error eventually these regions formed America into the country as we know it today. The mid-Atlantic s vast wealth of natural resources allowed this region to become very fruitful, economically in several key industries. The South during this time became very dependent of agriculture and trade. Settlers relied heavily on slaveRead MoreCandido Term Paper: African Slave Trade1254 Words   |  6 PagesMarshall 999681704 Book Review: An African Slaving Port on the Atlantic, by Mariana Candido The impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on the people living in Angola during the seventeenth century onwards was monumental. The Portuguese presence in the Benguelan harbour caused disorder, social strain, and sociocultural transformation for the people specifically residing in Benguela. In the study An African Slaving Port on the Atlantic, Mariana Candido outlines the progression of Benguela startingRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade Second Edition By Herbert S Klein And Economic Consequences Essay1273 Words   |  6 PagesFor my comparison book review, I chose to focus on the Atlantic Slave Trade Second Edition by Herbert S Klein and The Economic Consequences of the Atlantic Slave Trade† by Barbara L. Solow. My focus of the trade is labor demands, effects on Africa, European organization of trade, and economy leading up to the end of the trade and after. Together, the two books demonstrate that the Atlantic Slave Trade was more than just the trading of Africans to diffe rent continents, but was a historical point thatRead More Dutch Slave Trade Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pages Dutch Slave Trade nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the 17th and 18th centuries, mercantilism was the emerging economic policy through which the slave trade developed in Europe. In the Netherlands many historical events gave rise to a desire for domination of international trade. They were serious tradesman and were heavily involved in the profitable business of slavery. The Dutch, intelligent and self-ruling tradesmen took no time in displaying their dominance over rival countries, PortugalRead MoreSlavery And The Black Slavery1214 Words   |  5 PagesFROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM CHAPTERS 4, 5 and 6 Slave Societies in this chapter includes people with similar characteristics who lived together in a well or less organized community. Slave societies in eighteenth -century were common in North America in New England, the Mid-Atlantic and the Lower Mississippi Valley. The black slavery experience was not unique, that is not the same in these areas, was influenced by local conditions, nation of the colonizers, composition of men and women, statistical characteristicsRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade, Commerce Between Asia And The West And Connection Through Agriculture976 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Trade has been an essential part of the world dating back to the Stone Ages, in which man was known to trade obsidian and flint. Trade has been the key for the human race to interact and bring together cross-cultural contact all throughout the world. Strayer and Nelson prove this point to be true throughout their book with examples like the Atlantic Slave Trade, commerce between Asia and the West and connection through agriculture. It is seen throughout history that trade is an importantRead MoreThe African Of African Diaspora1733 Words   |  7 Pageshomeland, resiliency is essential. Humanity has molded and shaped the progress of the world in ways such as the movement or scattering of African colonies and tribes to the Americas in an inhumane fashion. This diaspora is known as the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. This essay will aim to provide a historical examination on the experience of Africans whom were forced to the Americas, ultimately triumphing over the obstacles and hardships that were put in place to hinder and obstruct human rights suchRead MoreSlavery And The Black Slavery1534 Words   |  7 PagesFROM SLAVERY TO FREEDOM CHAPTERS 4, 5 and 6 Chapter 4 Slave Societies in this chapter mean people with similar characteristics who lived together in a well or less organized community. Slave societies in eighteenth -century were common in North America in New England, the Mid-Atlantic and the Lower Mississippi Valley. The black slavery experience was not unique, that is not the same in these areas, was influenced by local conditions, nation of the colonizers, composition of men and women, statisticalRead MoreEssay about Atlantic Slave Trade1519 Words   |  7 Pagescalled â€Å"The Atlantic Slave Trade† and was born in Zwagerbosch, Netherlands in 1935. He received his PhD from Michigan State. He is now a professor at Minnesota State University and has written â€Å"The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade†. As well as co- editing of â€Å"Riches from Atlantic Commerce: Dutch Transatlantic trade and Shipping.† The Atlantic slave trade was the largest and longest ongoing international voyage in human history. Taking place as early as the 1440’s, the slave trade gives valuable

Video Game Violence Essay - 554 Words

Video Game Violence Violence in video games has been a hot topic ever since the beginnings of the industry. From depictions of a polygonal frog being run over in Frogger, to stealing cars in a realistic environment a la Grand Theft Auto, this topic has sparked serious debate. The traditional liberal stance is that the government should forcefully regulate the video game industry. The conservative stance is that the industry does a good job of rating itself, and that government should not get involved. The liberal stance has its points, in the fact that video games are getting more realistic and more violent. With increasing technology in computers, the video game industry also makes advances in graphics and what they can display. The†¦show more content†¦Most of the sources I found were psychology journals or publications dedicated to adolescent health. These articles tended to lean both ways. Some articles claimed that there was a link between video game violence and violence in real life. Ot hers said that no such link existed. Neither side quoted any solid sources, however. Many of the medical journals lumped together TV, movies, and video games in their articles. Most of the psychology journals advocated more parent involvement and more social interaction. Of the non-medical sources, most were news articles. A few used the articles previously mentioned about how video games and violence were supposedly linked to prove their point. Some were about courts who had thrown out cases that claimed that video games were responsible for causing children to commit horrible acts like Columbine. Most of the major news sources tended to stay neutral on this issue. They only reported games that had record-breaking sales or the ‘must have’ games. What I was hoping to find, however, were articles that argued from the government point of view. I was hoping to find articles for and against mandatory government-enforced ratings of video games. However, none of those came up . As a video gamer, I believe that video game companies should be allowed to freely develop games as they please. I am personally aware of several cases of extreme censorship. For example, a World War 2 based game wasShow MoreRelatedVideo Game Violence : Video Games892 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Game Violence On December 14, 2012, a twenty year old boy named Adam Lanza shot twenty children and six staff at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. Before arriving to the school, he shot his mother then committed suicide after the shooting. The reports say that he was influenced to shooting others by the video game â€Å"Call of Duty†. Video game violence is defined as a behavior including physical violence intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something impacted by videoRead MoreVideo Game Violence : Violent Video Games1626 Words   |  7 PagesDavis English III 27 March 2015 Video Game Violence Violent video games have been being created since the first console. Yet only recently have we been blaming them for aggression in the player. We as humans have a tendency to blame our violent behavior on other things rather thin ourselves. Now aggression is being defined in many ways in this situation but mainly people point to the anger that’s brought out in the real world after the game or maybe it’s the gamers’ tendency to haveRead MoreVideo Games : Video Game Violence Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Game Violence Blood and gore, intense violence, strong sexual content, use of drugs. These are just a few of the phrases that the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) uses to describe the content of several games. The future of entertainment revolves around technology. Along with the evolvement of technology, video games are also changing. More ways of playing violent video games are created each year, but most of us have this question in mind; do violent video games influence peopleRead MoreVideo Games : Video Game Violence1502 Words   |  7 Pages2013 Video Game Violence The evolution of video games has taken a drastic change since the 1970’s when video games were first introduced. Since then every decade video games have become more violent in nature with strong language and realistic to suit society today. Craig Anderson states that with more violence in video games they would sell better than games with less violence (Anderson, Gentile, and Beckley pg.5). Violent video games really became popular when the first person shooter games wereRead MoreVideo Games and Violence1011 Words   |  4 Pagesare probably millions and billions of video games sold every year to people. Some people seem to believe that violence correlates directly with video games. Video games are something that is usually a big interest in people at the ages of 13 to 19 years old. Video games usually start off as a little fun and then turn into a major hobby for some people. Emotions change based on whatever happens while a person is engaging in these games most of the ti me. These games are another way to observe how peopleRead MoreVideo Games : Violence And Violence1301 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue of violence in these media products has been a highly-debated issue for the past few decades. Recently it has become extremely popular in the subject of violence in video games. It is rumored that games such as â€Å"Call of Duty, Mortal Kombat, Battlefield, Halo and many more have been the culprit behind a recent spike in childhood aggression. Many people have their own views on the subject, but it has been most commonly deduced that aggression is caused by the games, but violence does not alwaysRead MoreVideo Games Violence664 Words   |  3 PagesUNV - 104 August 11, 2013 Video Games and Violence Video games and violence have different effects on children according to the type of video games that is being watched It is important to understand the world of video games. All video games do not prevent violence in children. Parents should take into consideration in monitoring their child while choosing video games. Depending on the video game that is chosen, does not mean the child will result in violent behavior later on in lifeRead MoreThe Violence Of Video Games971 Words   |  4 PagesMost kids today play video games to entertain themselves and it’s their hobby. Today kids and even young adults play games like Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V), Call of Duty, and Fallout 4. All three of these games were one of the top games of their respective year of release. What do they all have in common? They depict violence in a way that its becoming more realistic every year they’re sequels are released. But what’s up with people blaming video games for mass shootings and other heinousRead MoreVideo Games and Violence942 Words   |  4 Pages Video Games and Violence Awe entering in more advanced society of technology, video games has become a popular source of entertainment among us. Almost all of us has rented or owned a video game and we have spent hours playing it. As we all know, video games have become the second most popular form of entertainment after television; the source of entertainment is proven to be violent. Excessive playing of video games has a huge impact on our life as well asRead MoreVideo Games and Violence1981 Words   |  8 Pagesconcerned about violent video games due to the increased reality in the games. However, society may not realize how children and teens are affected by these games. In modern times, children and young adults are affected by violent games in a negative way by causing changes in their behavior. The average American child watches 28 hours of television a week and by the age of eighteen will have seen 16,000 murders and 200,000 violent acts (Gallagher). People who defend violent games like to point ou t that

Journey Assignment Free Essays

|[pic] | | | | | | |Mater Dei Catholic College | | |ASSESSMENT TASK | | | | | |Preliminary English Standard | | |Area of Study Portfolio | |Date Issued: Wk 6 |Date Due: Friday 5. 4. 13 8:45am Wednesday Outside Staff Centre | | |Listening: Lesson 1 Friday 5. We will write a custom essay sample on Journey Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4. 3 In-Class | |Assignment Weighting: 25% | |Components: 15% Listening and 10% Portfolio | |Outcomes Being Assessed: | | | |2. A student explains relationships among texts. | |3. A student develops language relevant to the study of English. | |4. A student explains and analyses the ways in which language forms and features, and structures of texts shape meaning and influence responses. | |7. A student adapts and synthesises a range of textual features to explore and communicate information, ideas and values for a variety of purposes, | |audiences and contexts. | |Context of the task: In the Area of Study, students explore and examine relationships between language and text, and interrelationships among texts. They | |examine closely the individual qualities of texts while considering the texts’ relationships to the wider context of the Area of Study: Journeys. | |Outline of Task: | | | |Part A: Portfolio | |In your area of study you have been focusing on the concept of Journeys. You are to collect, analyse and present TWO sources which relate to ideas of | |Journeys that have been explored in and are relevant to Raw or Away. Your chosen texts should be sourced from two different mediums. | | | |Presentation: | |Your analysis will be presented on the proforma provided to you by your English teacher and you are not to exceed the total space provided. | |You must use different examples from your set text in each analysis. | | | | | | |Part B: Listening Task | |You will listen to an aural text in class which will have an aspect of Journeys as its focus. You will be required to analyse the extract aurally and | |comment on how meaning is conveyed in this text type and its relationship to Journeys. You will need to be familiar with a range of Journeys concept ideas | |and thesis statements. You will require your laptop and a set of ear buds/phones for the lesson. Obviously your laptop will be charged! | | | |Marking Criteria: | | | |Marks | |Criteria | | | |13-15 | |Skilfully identifies the concept of Journeys in the text. |Demonstrates detailed understanding of how selected text/set text explores the concept of Journeys | |Presents a perceptive analysis of the set and chosen text | |Uses language which is appropriate, sustained, sophisticated and suitable to audience, purpose and form | | | |10-12 | |Clearly identifies the concept of Journeys in the text. |Demonstrates effective understanding of how selected text/set text explores the concept of Journeys | |Effectively analyses the set and chosen text | |Uses language effectively which is appropriate and suitable to audience, purpose and form | | | |7-9 | |Identifies the concept of Journeys in the text. | |Demonstrates satisfactory understanding of how selected text/set text explores the concept of Journeys | |Attempts to explain ideas in the set and chosen text/describes the t exts. |Uses language which is appropriate and suitable to audience, purpose and form | | | |4-6 | |Describes Journeys in the text. | |Demonstrates limited understanding of how selected text/ set text explores concepts of Journeys | |Attempts to describe the selected text and chosen text | |Uses simple language suitable to audience, purpose and form | | | |1-3 | |Demonstrates elementary understanding of Journeys in selected text/ set text |Recount of the texts/ brief response | |Uses simplistic language which is not always suitable to audience, purpose and form | | | | | |Areas of proficiency: | | | | | | | | | |Areas for development: | | | | | | | Journeys: Additional texts summary sheet Title: Refugee Blues Text Type: Poem Composer: WH Auden Published: 1939 Audience: English teacher Outline the text in terms of its broad relationship to the concept of Journeys. This poem explores the concept of journey through sadness and the hardships that are experienced of being a Jew in the wrong place at the wrong time. This couple has lost everything except each other so there is hope for them The couple are determined to find a sense of place and acceptance after locating to a new destination Identify two Journeys thesis statements which are relevant to both your set text and this chosen text. (Use point form) †¢ A journey can involve the search for identity †¢ Journey can often contain obstacles to be met and over come Explain (with reference to technique, relevant eg’s and effect) how each thesis statement is explored in Raw/Away. (2xWHEELS) WH Auden articulates how journeys can often contain obstacles to be met and overcome in his poem Refugee Blues. Auden conveys a disillusioned tone through his use of anaphora. During the time of the war, it is expressed that some civilians were treated as outcasts. This is evident in the first paragraph where he writes ‘Say this city has ten million souls†¦yet there’s no place for us, my dear, yet there’s no place for us. ’ This is further reiterated in the repetition of the phrase ‘we cannot go there now, my dear, we cannot go there now’. The use of anaphora establishes for the reader the belief that the two refugees in this poem have to overcome the obstacle of exclusion as they are not accepted by anyone in the country. The use of repetition in the statement ‘yet there’s no place for us’ and ‘we cannot go there now’ evokes empathy in the audience more so that it would have been without repetition. The reader also feels sympathetic and concerned for the couple with the quote ‘my dear’ and we realize that the two have strong feelings for each other. This is a good thing because they are able to comfort each other. Through the use of anaphora Auden was able to highlight about how journeys can often contain obstacles to be met and overcome in his poem Refugee Blues. The concept of journey can involve a search for identity and this is explored in WH Auden’s poem Refugee Blues. Auden portrays logic of despondent tone through his use of structural devices and figurative language. This is seen in the sentence ‘.. some are living in mansions, some are living in holes:.. ’ and â€Å"if you’ve got no passport you’re officially dead†. The use of juxtaposition and metaphor creates the reader to feel empathy for the refugees and because the poem begins by introducing a city with 10 million people in it, some have the luxury of living in mansions; and this is contrasted with the rest who are living in most disgusting conditions ‘holes’. It’s suggesting that the couple are the lowest of low because there is not even a ‘hole’ for them and they are below the poverty line. WH Auden takes a single main theme and makes variations on it, leading to a particularly powerful finale. The theme of this poem is the abuse of human rights experienced not only by German Jews but by other Jews and by refugees anywhere. Through the use of structural devices and figurative language Auden was successfully able to portray the quest for identity in his poem Refugee Blues. Scott Monk represents the idea of journey involving a search for identity in his novel Raw. Monk highlights a sense of regretful tone through his use of characterisation of Brett Dalton. This is shown in the quotes â€Å"she’s got nothing to do with this! It’s my fault! I’m the one to blame! † and â€Å"He [Brett] felt like he had let him [Sam] down. No one had put up with more from him. He’d been patient so many times. Forgiven him. Let him back to The Farm when he’d run away. He’d always been there regardless of the trouble Brett had caused an all he’d got in return was grief. The use of characterisation establishes the way that Brett has accepted that he was responsible for everything that has happened between him and Caitlin and him and Sam. This shows a lot of maturity from Brett because he is the one taking the guilt. The second quote used demonstrates the influence Sam had over Brett. The fact that Brett feels guilty is significant and demonstrates what he has learnt and how he has been changed because of the institution. Through the use of characterisation Monk was successful on depicting the notion of journey involving a search for identity. Explain (with reference to technique, relevant eg’s and effect) how each thesis statement is explored in your chosen text. (2xWHEELS) How to cite Journey Assignment, Essay examples

Theme of Margaret Atwoods Poem Journey to the Interior free essay sample

The poem under scrutiny is â€Å"Journey to the Interior† which is a monologue, the apt form for introspection. It is a metaphysical poem with a recurring motif of ‘journey’ with Atwood that she explores in other works like â€Å"Surfacing†. ‘Journey to the Interior’ is a subtle, many layered poem with nuances that may be contradictory and therefore wide open to multiple interpretations. The dream like (surreal) mood is created by a pensive (thinking deeply abt smth, especially when u r sad or worried), reflective musing (a period of thinking carefully abt smth or telling people Ur thoughts) tone, at times morbid or melancholic. Written in post-modern style with multiple allusions and disparate (very different from each other) images, it communicates in lateral thinking rather than logical sequential processes. The poem is an allegory as it is a narrative serving an extended metaphor. The interior referred to in this poem is the psyche of the poetess. We will write a custom essay sample on Theme of Margaret Atwoods Poem Journey to the Interior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The poetess utilizes an extended metaphor here- her inner exploration stretches out to the journeying of the mountain. The use of the words similarities (line 1) and differences (line 20) shows contrast and allows us to make connections between the physical world and internal realm, and bridge the gap between connotation and denotation. The poem has various themes such as (i) the inner life is complex and if elved into too deeply can be confronting, demoralising and depressing, leading to madness, even self-harm, (ii) life can be absurd, meaningless, directionless, or even futile, (iii) sensory perceptions and rational thought processes are not always reliable to gain true self-insight rather a holistic emotional and lateral thinking are needed, (iv) language can be inadequate or an obstacle to express the depths of our feelings. In this poem the meditative reflection in which Atwood is engaged has three stages. The meditative mind passes through various phases first, the similariti es then the differences and finally the exit from the maze. As one delves deeper into the mind, it stretches out into various directions –incomprehensible and inscrutable. A person with a firm faith can embark on the discovery of the self, and survive unscathed (unharmed) in the process. For the outsiders, the human mind is as limited as a two-dimensional picture â€Å"flat as a wall. † The hills from the distance seem â€Å"welded together†. But from near, the opening between them breaks into vast prairies. Furthermore, it does not imply that the interior landscape or mind is uniformly fertile. It has its share of barren swamps that are capable of producing â€Å"spindly (thin and long but not strong) trees†. The â€Å"cliff is not known as rough except by the hand. † The world supposes that only tangible objects exist in this world. The unseen are unfathomable (too strange or difficult to be understood). It is not statistically correct and mathematically discrete. There are no fixed points to connect just dotted lines as in a map to trace the geography of a point. Or further, even to trace connections. It is beyond geometry too, in that it cannot be â€Å"plotted on a square surface†.

How Weather Influences Economy free essay sample

How weather influences the economy? A nd how can we reduce its impact? study the link between weather and stock compares during 50 years the Dow Jones Industrial Average index and the daily cloudiness. The result is; there is a positive relationship. But how is that possible? Investors should not be impartial? I did not expected that when I give money to my bank, an investor could be influenced by a sunbeam. A possible explanation is that is the entry of sunshine periods who can be more optimistically when they are in a good mood which can results of the weather. So they can change stock prices, and affect all the market. Among other things, to reduce influence of routine weather variations on the economy, French Government set up controlled sales. French sales, are very controlled , it is during specific dates, and concerns only unsold clothes during a period. This reduces the influence of climatic on an example. We will write a custom essay sample on How Weather Influences Economy? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 2010, during all july. If spring and beginning of summer were cooler than expected, it would reduce shopping. So by decreasing prices, it could bring back customers in malls and increase consumption. This is an incentive policy to reduce influence of routine weather. An other way to reduce influence of routine weather, is to apply the idioms :  «do not put all your eggs in one basket ». For example, if I am the owner of a beer bar, my yield depends on sunshine. So if i want to redu hot chocolate. By this way, you reduce the weather influences, and sales during the all year are constant. However, we can not always diversify its business, for example in a theme park during a raining week, it is very difficult to attract clients, they will prefer to wait for next week.So it could be a good idea for them to get an insurance, or as we introduced this article they could buy a weather derivatives (or futures). Weather derivatives are financial instruments that can be used to reduce risk In 1999, the CME (Chicago Mercantile Exchange) introduced the first exchange-traded weather futures contracts on the market. Indeed, the benefit of futures contracts is to protect its market against the involved variable exemple futures. So why CME introduced financial instruments that can be used to reduce risk associated with weather?Because Weather influences us, indeed psychology literature has long established the effect of weather on mood. It is a known fact the economy in a country whereas routine lightly, to consumption. While comparing the consumption of beers during a year, we notice that it increases from winter to summer period by 25%. On the contrary, purchasing movie tickets decrease by about 20%. It is a perfect example to see how weather influence the demand of two goods. As we study the impact of routine weather, we know that weather does not change anything in hop agricultur and movies.So it only influences the demand. Hops farmers and movie directors had better pray to get an ideal weather if they want to succeed in their business. Indeed, the study, led by the NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) pointed out that every sector of the economy is sensitive to changes in the routine weather(2). It has a bigger impact than everyone thought, the economic cost of weather amounts to 485$ billion in USA each year which is 3. 4% of united states GDP (gross domestic product). As Jeffrey Lazo, an economist says that :  «It is clear that our economy is not weatherproof ».

A Profile of Marita Bonner

A Profile of Marita Bonner Born on June 16, 1898, educated in Brookline, Massachusetts, public schools and Radcliffe College, Marita Bonner published short stories and essays from 1924 to 1941 in Opportunity, The Crisis, Black Life and other magazines. She occasionally published under the pseudonym Joseph Maree Andrew. Her 1925 essay in Crisis, On Being Young, A Woman, and Colored which deals with racism and sexism and poverty, is an example of her social commentary. She also wrote several plays. Bonners writing dealt with issues of race, gender, and class, as her characters struggled to develop more fully in the face of social limitations, highlighting especially the vulnerability of black women. She married William Almy Occomy in 1930 and moved to Chicago where they raised three children and where she also taught school. She published as Marita Bonner Occomy after her marriage. Her Frye Street stories were set in Chicago. Marita Bonner Occomy did not publish any more after 1941 when she joined the Christian Science Church. Six new stories were found in her notebooks after she died in 1971, although the dates indicated shed written them before 1941. A collection of her work was published in 1987 as Frye Street and Environs: The Collected Works of Marita Bonner. Marita Bonner Occomy died in 1971 of complications of injuries sustained in a fire in her home.

Alchemist Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alchemist Reflection - Essay Example his paper seeks to highlight an important lesson learnt in the novel and provide a personal reflection with regard to the triumphs and tribulations encountered in a quest to achieve one’s goals in life. The novel has a lot of life’s lessons that are presented by various characters and their attitudes and beliefs with regard to what is important in life. The most significant lesson garnered from the novel is the importance of faith and belief in self. This is because having a strong and unshakable faith or belief in self leads to the unlocking of one’s potential which is negated by self-doubt. Belief and faith in self is manifested as attitude which influences and determines an individual’s perception and opinions about life and their role in shaping their fortunes. This belief in self and a strong positive attitude is exemplified by Santiago in his quest to fulfil his dreams(Coelho 116). Santiago had strong faith in his destiny which translated to having a positive attitude towards his endeavour to fulfil his dreams. Attitude is a fundamental component of human nature, and its manifestation plays a huge and significant role in people’s lives. In essence this means that the positivity or negativity of an individual’s attitude plays a significant role in the outcome of one’s endeavours. The novel provides exemplary instances where the roles of belief, faith and attitude in a person’s life are brought out indicating their significance. This is in line with quote ‘when you want something, the entire universe conspires in helping you to achieve it’(Coelho 22).Santiago’s strong belief and positive attitude can be applied in the context of the above quote; in the sense that his actions and experiences exhibit the tenets and implications of the quote above. In line with the quote, the universe conspires to enable Santiago fulfil his dreams in the sense that he meets people on his journey that help him gain useful insights towards realizing and

Development in Accounting and Corporate reporting Essay

Development in Accounting and Corporate reporting - Essay Example This paper examines these developments and other issues that may have impacted in the development of accounting. It is important to understand the historical background of any subject such as accounting. Understanding accounting background and how it has developed is essential in understanding the past, and leads to a better understanding of the present practices. Understanding the historical background of accounting discipline, trends and practices that could have led to its current status facilitates better understanding of the profession. It is only through evaluation of the historical developments of the subject that people may appreciate accounting as it is today and its significance in the society, in organizations or other areas of application. Moreover, understanding the historical background enhances a better understanding of the objectives of the accounting theory and what the subject intended to achieve. In other words, a problem is better solved by understanding the objectives at the initial stages of a process. Furthermore, understanding the historical background of the subject al lows people to delve deep into understanding social, economic and political events and the significance of the subject in shaping these issues. For instance, as the article illustrates, there is a debate on whether accounting was a social construction, based on how accounting influences the society. Considering that there lacks a universal understanding of the accounting theory, the theory may be best understood by investigating the use of data, which people relate to accounting practices. Understanding such practices and how they relate to use of accounting data will lead to credible links on what accounting theory might mean, and how it has evolved over time to what it is today, as well as its impact on the social, economic and political

Job Analysis and its Role in Human Resources Essay

Job Analysis and its Role in Human Resources - Essay Example The importance of job analysis to HR managers is very crucial that it has been called the building block of everything their personnel does. Wright and Wexley (1985) reasoned out that the fact is that almost every human resource management program requires some type of information that is gleaned from job analysis. An appropriately executed job analysis could be beneficial for the company. This is because an organization will be able to undertake: Work redesign-Often an organization seeks to redesign work to make it more efficient or to improve quality. The redesign requires detailed information about the existing job (s). In addition, preparing the redesign is similar to analyzing a job that does not yet exist. Human resource planning-As planners analyze human resource needs and how to meet those needs, they must have accurate information about the levels of skill required in various jobs, so ... Training-Almost every employee hired by an organization will require training. Any training program requires knowledge of the tasks performed in a job, so that the training is related to the necessary knowledge and skills. Performance appraisal-An accurate performance appraisal requires information about how well each employee is performing in order to reward employees who perform well and to improve their performance if it is below standard. Job analysis helps in identifying the behaviors and the results associated with effective performance. Career planning-Matching an individual's skills and aspirations with career opportunities requires that those in charge of career planning know the skill requirements of the various jobs. This allows them to guide individuals into jobs in which they will succeed and be satisfied. Job evaluation-The process of job evaluation involves assessing the relative dollar value of each job to the organization in order to set up fair pay structures. If employees do not believe pay structures are fair, they will become dissatisfied and may quit, or they will not see much benefit in striving for promotions. To put dollar values on jobs, it is necessary to get information about different jobs and compare them. Moreover, job analysis is also important from a legal standpoint. This is because the government imposes requirements related to equal employment opportunity. Detailed, accurate, objective job specifications help decision makers comply with these regulations by keeping the focus on tasks and abilities. These documents also provide evidence of efforts made to engage in fair employment practices. For example, to enforce the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission may look

Advancing Nursing Practice Current Role and Personal Learning

Advancing Nursing Practice Current Role and Personal Learning The idea of Advanced Nursing Practice (ANP) is reported to have commenced in the USA in the early parts of the 20th century (Mantzoukas, 2006) and its development has been well recorded in the literature (Ketefian, Redman, Hanucharurnkul, Masterson Neves, 2001; Furlong Smith, 2005). But lack of clear definitions for the concept, its scope of practice and standards has resulted in a great diversity in practice (Woods, 1999; Pearson Peels, 2002; Daly and Carnwell, 2003). Furlong and Smith (2005) identifies that several attempts have been made to conceptualise advanced nursing practice. This has resulted in some consensus on the core concepts that underpin ANP such as clinical autonomy, professional and clinical leadership, research capabilities, application of theory and research to practice and graduate level education requirement (Ketefian et al., 2001; Furlong Smith, 2005; Mantzoukas, 2006). Knowledge level, skill level and population of response model developed by Calkin (1984) and from novice to expert model by Benner (1984) are some of the models that were developed but none of these analysed contextual influences on advanced nursing practice. Manley (1997) developed a conceptual framework that describes four integrated sub roles (expert practitioner, educator, researcher and consultant); necessary skills and processes as well as contextual prerequisites for the advanced nurse practitioner to achieve outcomes strove for. This framework was developed from a model by Hamric (1989) and shares similarities in the four sub roles, some skills and processes. However, the framework by Manley (1997) establishes a relationship between the ANP role, its context and its outcomes, giving it an advantage over the models of Calkin, Benner and Hamric. It is worth stating, at this point, that the term ANP is not for a single role but for different advanced nursing roles such as nurse practitioners, certified nurse midwives, nurse anaesthetists and clinical nurse specialists (Ketefian et al., 2001) I have worked for one year as a general nurse (Nursing Officer rank) after completing my four-year nursing training in Ghana. My responsibilities include ensuring adequate nutrition and elimination, administering medication and reporting on patients response, allocating task based on skill of staff, supervising staff and students in the ward, and participating in ward rounds (GHS, 2005). Henry (2007) states that Ghanaian nurses have automatic promotion after every five years of service until they reach the rank of Principal Nursing Officer. It seems that this is changing. My experience is that, recently, higher education certificate as well as evidence of continuous professional and personal development is a requirement for certain roles in the nursing profession. Moreover, research, leadership and application of theory to practice are some of the advanced nursing skills that are not well developed in my current role. I have, therefore, enrolled in the MSc. Advanced Nursing course to develop these skills to advance my nursing practice. It appears that the four advanced nursing roles described by Ketefian et al. (2001) are present in Ghana, although the term ANP is not used. East and Arudo (2009) identifies that due to shortage of health personnel, nurses in sub-Saharan Africa perform certain roles and tasks that would be classified, in other countries, as advanced practice. Ghanaian nurses in these roles have some degree of clinical autonomy, especially in the district hospitals, but not necessarily a graduate level education. Instead, a post-basic diploma is required for some of them (nurse anaesthetist and clinical nurse specialist roles). Until recently, post-basic diploma was the qualification for medical assistants (similar to nurse practitioner role). Thus, ANP roles in Ghana developed as a result of shortage of health personnel and the health needs of the population. However, the roles are different from those in the UK and USA in areas such as research, professional and clinical leadership, academic qualifi cation, and clinical autonomy. Therefore, with the ANP conceptual framework of Manley (1997) as the focus, I hope to achieve the following objectives in advancing my practice: Develop a teaching package to slow progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with diabetes Advance myself as a nurse educator and the other sub roles identified by Manley (1997) Develop leadership and effective change management skills Contribute to the professional development of my colleagues. The Project: Introduction and Rationale for Selection In advancing my nursing practice, my focus for this project is to develop a teaching package to slow progression of chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes. Other patients at risk of developing kidney failure, including those with hypertension would also benefit from this project. The package would, also, be used among patients with stages 1 4 chronic kidney disease. In the final year of my nursing training, I had to submit a care study to the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Ghana. The patient I worked with had been diagnosed with type II diabetes. The care study required that I participate in the active management of the patient and present a report on that, as well as a literature review on the condition. I reflect on the entire process now and I realise that complications of diabetes were just mentioned to the patient, with no adequate information on how they can be prevented. This project is, therefore, anticipated to create awareness of chronic kidney disease as a major complication among patients with diabetes in Ghana and how to delay its progression, if not avoid it. My primary focus would be to develop a strategy that would reach out to all patients, including those with low literacy skills. This would advance the nursing care and health education given to such patients, thereby, delaying the need for dialysis (Thomas et al., 2008). Literature Review WHO (2002:11) defines chronic conditions as health problems that require ongoing management over a period of years or decades and has labelled them as the biggest challenge faced by the health sector in the 21st century. While the economic cost of managing chronic diseases is high, Suhrcke, Fahey McKee (2008) identify some strong economic arguments that may be made in support of the need for societies to invest in their (chronic diseases) management. They identify some primary benefits such as improved health (in terms of patients quantity and quality of life in years), long-term cost savings from complications avoided and workplace productivity experienced by patients and their employers. Nevertheless, preventing their occurrence is central in the general management of chronic conditions (Nolte McKee, 2008) and this is a responsibility for all, including governments, private sectors, healthcare systems and individuals (Novotny, 2008). Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is becoming a global pandemic (Mahon, 2006; Chen, Scott, Mattern, Mohini Nissenson, 2006; Clements Ashurst, 2006). The disease causes gradual decline in kidney function (Silvestri, 2002). It has been categorised into 5 stages according to the glomerular filtration rates (Johnson Usherwood, 2005) and the progression through these stages is influenced by several processes, mostly lifestyle-related (Riegersperger Sunder-Plassmann, 2007). Management of stage 5 (end stage) is either by dialysis or kidney transplant (Johnson Usherwood, 2005, Chen et al., 2006). Patients with CKD stages 4 and 5 experience other complications such as anaemia and metabolic acidosis that must, also, be managed efficiently (Silvestri, 2002; Murphy, Jenkins, McCann Sedgewick, 2008). This, in addition to dialysis, accounts for the reported higher costs of managing CKD (Gonzalez-Perez, Vale, Stearns, Wordsworth, 2005; Kaitelidou, Ziroyanis, Maniadakis, Liaropoulos, 2005). Presently, more than 23,000 adults in the UK undergo dialysis treatment as a result of kidney failure and this number is expected to increase yearly (World Kidney Day, 2009). Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (Ghana) recorded 558 cases of CKD between January 2006 and July 2008 in the country (All Africa, 2009) and this may represent less than 30% of the total disease burden as the hospital serves a few regions in the country. Several studies have identified diabetes mellitus and hypertension as the major causes of CKD (Clements Ashurst, 2006; Rosenberg, Kalda, KasiuleviÄ ius Lember, 2008; Marchant, 2008; Stropp, 2008; Thomas, Bryar, Mankanjuola, 2008; Ulrich, 2009). Amoah, Owusu and Adjei (2002) report of little, but outdated, statistics on the prevalence of diabetes in Ghana. Another report is on the assumption that diabetes is uncommon in Ghana (ibid.). However, it appears that my clinical experience at KATH alone suggests otherwise to the latter. Amoah et al. (2002), again, report that data on diabetes in Ghana is unreliable and this is confirmed by incongruent data observed in the literature. For example, Abubakari and Bhopal (2008) report that prevalence of diabetes in Ghanaian adults (25years and above) was 6.3% in 1998 while the Ministry of Health, Ghana (2001 cited by Aikins, 2004) estimates diabetes in 4% of Ghanaians between 15 to 70 years. Notwithstanding, Aikins (2004) reports of incr ease in the prevalence rates of chronic illnesses in the country, and diabetes is no exception. Primary care management delays nephropathy and other complications of diabetes (Thomas et al., 2008). They add that there could be a lot of potential savings if the need for dialysis can be delayed, even if for a short period for a few patients. Since prevention reduces healthcare costs (Booth, Gordon, Carlson Hamilton, 2000), Ghana, not being a rich country (CIA, 2008) stands to benefit from such an approach. Chen et al. (2006), also, identify that delaying the progression of CKD improves clinical outcomes and moderates costs. Strategies to delay progression include good glycaemic control, blood pressure control, smoking cessation and other lifestyle modification (Nicholls, 2005; Clements Ashurst, 2006; Rosenberg et al., 2008). Patients knowledge on these factors may lead to a change in behaviour which, in turn, would yield positive outcomes in the management of their conditions. Health education is one of such strategies to achieve positive outcomes and prevent complications, especially if the method used is appropriate for the age group as well as their cultural background (Funnell et al., 2008). It is often used interchangeably with health promotion in the nursing literature and criticisms have been made on that (Whitehead). The argument has been that health promotion has shifted from preventing specific diseases or detecting risk groups towards health and well being of whole populations (Naidoo Will, 2000). Hitherto, health education remains central to health promotion (Whitehead, 2), and, because of the dominance of the medical model, health promotion is mostly equated to prevention of disease, through primary, secondary or tertiary prevention in clinical settings (Naidoo Wills, 2000). Secondary and tertiary prevention interventions prevent complications such as chronic nephropathy development in patients with diabetes and health education is one of such interventions (Rosenberg et al., 2008; Naidoo Wills, 2008). Diabetes is, predominantly, self-managed (Collins et al., 1994; Funnell Anderson, 2002), making education very necessary as it empowers the patients to take charge of their health behaviour and other factors that influence their health status (Piper, 2009). Whitehead (1) adds that health education focuses on lifestyle-related and behavioural change processes, making it an integral part of comprehensive diabetes care (type II education). The above implies that when patients with diabetes receive health education, it enhances their ability to collaborate with the effective management of the disease and, consequently, avoid its complications. However, very little knowledge on CKD as well as misunderstandings of illness and treatment has been reported (Jain, 2008; Holstrà ¶m Rosenqvist, 2005). Patients may not appreciate the role that lifestyle modification, in addition to pharmacological interventions, can play in effective management of diabetes. Since diabetes, usually, do not present any physical symptoms, patients tend to distance themselves from it and, as a result, ignore the education being provided because they do not feel ill (Holstrà ¶m Rosenqvist, 2005). Complexity of self-management of diabetes may also be a major contributor to the reported misunderstandings (Szromba, 2009). The primary concern then becomes who should educate these patients and what strategies should be used to achieve positive outcome s? Making time to educate patients and their families on everything that they need to know is seldom easy because of the busy schedules of nurses in the ward (Rankin Stallings, 2001). Yet, Hamric (1989) and Manley (1997) have documented the integration of health education into the roles of advanced nurse practitioners and Rankin Stallings (2001) have attested to this. Advanced nurse practitioners are able to draw on their knowledge and skills related to higher education as well as their expertise from practice to achieve positive outcomes in the clinical settings (Manley, 1997). Szromba (2009) suggests that alternative methods to the traditional lecture method of health education should be utilized to enhance self-care. Babcock and Miller (1994) suggest that discussion, demonstration, modelling, group activities and role playing are other teaching strategies that the health educator can employ. However, they add that consideration should be given to the strategy that best fits the obj ectives, content, the clients, the health educator and the reality of the learning situation. This underscores the importance of client needs assessment in health education. Literacy skills of the clients should, also, be taken into consideration during health education. This project is to be implemented in Ghana and WHO (2009) estimates an adult illiteracy rate of about 35% of the total population. The use of written materials may be a difficulty in such settings, especially as the literates may not understand the jargons used in health very well. Therefore, the health educator should ensure that materials are simplified so readers do not have difficulties in understanding the content. Rankin Stallings (2001) suggest that health educators should, therefore, focus information on the core of knowledge and skills that clients need to survive and cope with problems, teach the smallest amount possible, make points vivid, present information sequentially and allow patients to restate and demonstrate what has been learnt. They also suggest the strategic use of educational media such as flipcharts, photographs, drawings and videotapes to enhance understanding. Aims and Anticipated Outcome The primary focus of this project is to develop a teaching strategy to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes in Ghana. Consideration would be given to strategies that would reach out to and promote understanding among patients with low literacy skills. It is anticipated that when patients have enough information on their disease condition, they would collaborate with the healthcare team in the management of the condition. I hope to enhance my knowledge on the management of chronic kidney disease and my role as a nurse educator. This experience would, also, be transferred to my colleagues in Ghana and lead to general improvement in the management of chronic kidney disease in the hospital. This collaboration would, therefore, reduce complications of the disease and enhance patients quality of life. As has been identified by Thomas et al. (2008), when complications such as kidney failure and the need for dialysis is delayed for a short period among few patients, a lot of financial savings is made. Therefore, in addition to providing quality care for patients and enhancing their quality of life, this project would reduce the cost of managing complications of diabetes and chronic kidney disease in Ghana. The Professional and Organizational Context Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) is the second largest teaching hospital in Ghana, training many doctors, nurses and other paramedics in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It is an autonomous service delivery agent under the Ministry of Health of Ghana (MOH, 2009a). In addition to training many of the health personnel in the Ashanti Region at KATH, many people within and outside the Ashanti Region seek healthcare there. As a result, provision of quality healthcare has always been the focus. An organisation that recognises the need for change, weighs costs and benefits, and plans for the change when the benefits outweigh the costs is ready for a change (Dalton Gottlieb, 2003). KATH is, therefore, ready for change because some of its employees are sent overseas or to other parts of the country, whenever there is the need for a new skill or knowledge to be gained, to bring about a positive change within the institution. This may be a factor that would facilitate my agenda to implement s ome changes within the institution upon my return to Ghana. However, Ghana, as a country is underdeveloped (CIA, 2008). Therefore, financial support, many a time, becomes a difficulty. Another challenge may be the fewer nursing staff. The Ministry of Health (2009b) estimates that there was a nurse-to-population ratio of 1:2024 in Ashanti Region and 1:1451 for the entire country in year 2007 while the WHO estimates that there are 9 nurses/midwives per 10,000 of the Ghanaian population (WHO, 2009xxxxx). Nevertheless, the desire to provide quality patient care and reduce healthcare costs, and dedication from the health personnel are factors that would supersede the anticipated obstacles to the implementation of this project.

Dear Mama :: Personal Narrative Writing

Dear Mama By the same token I leave you, I leave myself (with you) Wong May, "Dear Mama" Wong May, poet extraordinaire, transnational writer, post-colonial female subject, unphotographed, barely reviewed, past unknown, present undocumented, and for all intents and purposes disappeared after 1978 somewhere in Western Europe. Things I do know about her, mostly from an entry found in Contemporary Poets, edited by Thomas Riggs: She is Chinese by birth, born November 16, 1944 in Chungking, China. She is/was/is not anymore a Singaporean citizen. 1965, Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature, University of Singapore 1968, Master of Fine Arts, University of Iowa, 1969, first book of poetry A Bad Girlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Book of Animals published by Harcourt, Brace and Jovanich while working as Assistant Editor for United Business Publications. This is her only documented professional appointment. 1972, second book Reports. 1975, she is translated into German and receives a German Academic Exchange Service fellowship (Deutsch Akademisch Austauch Dienst). 1973, marries a certain Michael Coey, who is referred to as a travelling companion in her last and final book, 1978 Superstitions. With all this information, she fills one page of my notebook. Then she disappears. Or rather, in the spaces between her poetry, she was never there in the first place. My obsession is with her absence, her absence in reviews, her absence in critical studies, her absence in official conversations about Singaporean poetry. On the inner book sleeve of her second book her quote reads, "My poems are about wordlessness..." So I decide I want to write about her, a substitution for writing to her, because it is to her that I would rather write. But since there is no way of doing this, I pick the second best, I write, I investigate, I fixate. The last lines of her last book read, O Travellers, travelling anywhere the world is beautiful Our windows get dirty Her books are all dedicated to her mother, "DEAR MAMA," "To My Mother," "To my mother." Her poems are the only chronicles I have of her life. In the second book we learn that she started writing it in the winter of 1968 in New York and finished it in Winnipeg in September 1971. Her third book is begun in Berlin that same year and finishes in France, in between she continues in Hebrides, Singapore, Steglitz, Meylan, Budapest, Iona, Cracow, Prague, Poland, Malaysia, Paris.